Here you will find an annotated bibliography of Russian material relating to the Gyrfalcon.

Russian bibliography of the Gyrfalcon

Compiled by: Jevgeni Shergalin

Akty feodal'nogo zemlevladeniya i khozyaistva [Acts of feodal landownership and industry]. M., 1956. AN SSSR. 663 p. On one of coins of Novgorod of XV century horseman with Falcon on his hand was stamped.

Ananin, A.A. (Barguzinskiy State Nat. Res.) 1986. Redkie ptitsy Barguzinskogo zapovednika [Rare birds of the Barguzinskiy Nat. Res.] // Redkie, ischezayushchie i maloizuchennye ptitsy SSSR [Rare, endangered and little-studied birds of the USSR]. M. P.98-103. Tabl.1. Bibl. 10 titl. GF on p.100-101 [10 lines]. References to Belyaev, K.G. (1979, 1980). 5.08.82 on the bank of the Baikal Lake in region of the Zaezovochnyi stream (near to northern border of Nature Reserve) by student of Moscow St. Ped. Inst. Ye.I.Bibichkov (oral commun.) one sitting bird was met. This is the most earliest date of observation of nomading Gyrs in north-eastern Cis-Baikal area.

Andreev, B.N. 1974. Ptitsy Vilyuiskogo basseina [Birds of the Vilyui River basin]. Yakutsk: Publ. House. 311 p. GF is found in the Vilyui River basin.

Andronov, V.A. 1987. K zimnei avifaune Khinganskogo zapovednika. // Ornitologiya. M., Moscow Univ. Press. Issue no22. P.174. GF was recorded once on the passage 15/I 1983 between Bureya and Arkhara Rivers.

Anon. 1912. Seltene Beute ! // Neue Baltische Waidmannsblatter. Riga. Jg.8, Nr.5, S.110. In German. Gyr's records.

Anorova, N.S. 1965. Vozrastnye izmeneniya u ptits [The age changes in birds]. // Ornitologiya [Ornithology]. M., Moscow Univ. Press. No7. P.398-415. GF on p.408.

Ardamatskaya, T.B. 1992. Sovremennoe sostoyanie khishchnykh ptits Chernomorskogo zapovednika [Modern status of Birds of Prey of the Black Sea NR]. //Kavkazskiy ornitologicheskiy vestnik [Caucasian Orn. Bulletin]. Stavropol'. Issue 4. Part I. P.3-9. GF on p.7 in table is mentioned as very rare irregular vagrant species.

Argandeval, M.E. (Odessa State Univ.) 1983. Raspredelenie i chislennost khishchnykh ptits v gornykh landshaftakh tsentralnogo i vostochnogo Afganistana [Distribution and numbers of birds of prey in mountain landscapes of the Central and Eastern Afghanistan]. // Ekologiya khishchnykh ptits [Ecology of birds of prey]. M. "Nauka". P.96-99. Tabl.1. GF on p.98 in table. GF is vagrant rare species for Pamir Region (4000 m) that is little-afforested region.

Arsen'yev, Yu.V. 1882. Puteshestvie cherez Sibir ot Tobol'ska do Nerchinska i granits Kitaya russkogo poslannika Nikolaya Spafariya [Journey through Siberia from Tobolsk to Nerchinsk and borders with China of the Russian envoy Nikolai Spafariy]. // Zapiski Irkutskogo otd. RGO po otdeleniyu etnografii [Proc. of Irkutsk Branch of Russ. Geogr. Soc. on Dept. of Ethnography], vol.10, issue 1, P.42-93. Along Angara River near the Kamenka village in mountains there were many various falcons.

Artyukhin, Yu.B. 1991. Gnezdovaya avifauna Komandorskikh ostrovov i vliyanie cheloveka na eyo sostoyanie [Breeding avifauna of the Commander Islands and anhtropic impact]. // Prirodnye resursy Komandorskikh ostrovov. Zapasy, sostoyanie, voprosy okhrany i ispol'zovaniya [Natural resources of the Commander Islands. Stocks, status, problems of conservation and management]. M., Moscow Univ. Press. P.99-137. Bibliogr.: P.134-137. Falco rusticolus intermedius Glog. on p.112 [6 lines]. Analysis of literature. At present time Gyrs, which spend a winter on Bering Island, regularly are dying in traps, prepared for Arctic Foxes, according to interrogatory data by A.V.Zimenko.

Artyukhov, A.I. (Bryansk Agricult. Inst.) 1986. K characteristike ornitofauny basseinov rek Malyi i Bolshoi Anyui (Zapadnaya Chukotka) [On characteristic of ornithofauna of the Malyi Anyui and Bolshoi Anyui River basins (Western Chukotka)]. // Izuchenie ptits SSSR, ikh okhrana i ratsional'noe ispol'zovanie [The study of birds of the USSR, their protection and rational use]. Leningrad. Part 1. Pp.42-43. GF on p.43. Gyrs are sighted during nesting time in many places. Almost annually the Gyr's pair reared chicks in the Golden Eagle's nest on the larch on the left bank of the Pr. Ilirneveem River (in 1977 the Golden Eagle nested there).

Averin, Yu.V. 1948. Nazemnye pozvonochnye Vostochnoi Kamchatki [Terrestrial vertebrates of Eastern Kamchatka]. // Trudy Kronotskogo gos. zapovednika [Proc. of the Kronotskiy State Nat. Res.]. M. Issue 1. 223 p. Food items. Gyr catched adult large birds directly on the ground. Cited from Kishchinskiy, 1958.

Avvakum. 1934. Zhitie protopopa Avvakuma im samim pisannoe [The life of the archpriest Avvakum, written by himself]. M., Academia. 150 p. Along Tunguska River in mountains geese and ducks occur - red feathers, crows black, Jackdaws grey; in the same mountains Eagles, and falcons, and gyrfalcons and hens indian, and pelicans and swans and many others - a lot of them, various birds. (P.87).

Ayupov, A.S(N?). 1978. Zimovka ptits v Tashkente [Bird wintering in Tashkent]. // Ekologiya bespozvonochnykh i pozvonochnykh zhivotnykh Uzbekistana [Ecology of invertebrata and vertebrata of Uzbekistan]. Tashkent: Fan. P.183-18. Pointings at sightings of GR in Uzbekistan are erroneous and based on uncorrect taxnomical classification of eastern populations of the Saker Falcon.

Ayupov, A.S., Prokhorov, Ye.V., Gorshkov, Yu.A., Ivlev, V.G. 1983. O vstrechakh redkikh ptits v Tatarskoi ASSR [On sightings of birds in the Tatarian ASSR]. // Ornitologiya [Ornithology]. M., Moscow Univ. Press. Issue 18. P.163-164. GF on p.163 [3 lines]. In October 1966 one specimen of this species was recorded in the vicinity of the Fedotovka village (Leninogorskiy district). In November 1979 in Alabaevskiy forestry (Mamadyshskiy district) corps of young male was found.

Azarov, V.I. 1996. Redkie zhivotnye Tyumenskoi oblasti i ikh okhrana [Rare animals of the Tyumen Region and theur conservation]. Amfibii. Reptilii. Ptitsy. Mlekopitayushchie [Amphibia. Reptilia. Birds. Mammals]. Tyumen: "Vektor Buk". 239 p. Gyr is related to category of threatened species.

Babenko, V.G., Kuznetsov, A.A. 1986. Ptitsy Krasnoi knigi SSSR [Birds of Red Data Book of the USSR]. M., "Pedagogika". 144 p. GF on p.71 [10 lines]. Popular general characteristic. During last 25 years about 20 Gyr nests were discovered in so huge breeding range. Colour figures on p.71,72.

Babushkin, G.M., Lobkov, I.V. 1987. Redkie ptitsy Ryazanskoi oblasti [Rare birds of the Ryazan Region]. // Problemy okhrany redkikh zhivotnykh [Problems of rare animals conservation]. M. P.116-117. GF on p.117 [1 line]. Extremely rare vagrant species.

Baklund, O.O. 1911. Obshchiy obzor deyatel'nosti ekspeditsii brat'yev Kuznetsovykh na Polyarnyi Ural letom 1909 g. [General review of the activity of the expedition of Kuznetsovy brothers to Polar Ural in summer 1909]. M. 157 p. (Zap. Imp. AN po fiz.-mat. otd-niyu [Proc. of Imp. Ac. of Sc. on phys-math. dept.]. Vol.28, N1). Nesting sites of Gyr, taken from this work, are shown on the map in a paper by V.N.Kalyakin (1989).

Baldaev, Kh.F. 1983. Krechet i skopa v Marijskoi ASSR [Gyr and Osprey in the Mari ASSR]. // Okhrana khishchnykh ptits [Conservation of Birds of Prey]. M., Nauka. P.89-91. GF on p.89 [22 lines]. 15.11.74 on the Bolshoi Kundysh River bank, one Gyr was bagged which sat above river's precipice and ate the bagged female Capercaillie. Shooting was carried out by mistake. Gyr was young female. Description. Her stuffed skin keeps at Local Museum of the Ioshkar-Ola town. Another same bird but of white colour in came to Aktayuzh village and catched doves there. Breeding of one pairs of white "Hawks" bred during the middle of 160's in the fork of old birch at height 3-4 m from the ground. Obviously, in Mari ASSR Gyr occurs not only during autumn-winter nomadic movements, but during breeding period as well.

Bannikov, A.G. 1934. Zametki po ornithofaune poluostrova Kanin [Notes on ornithofauna of the Kanin Peninsula]. // Tr. Arkticheskogo instituta [Proc. of Arctic Inst.], vol.XI, Leningrad. P.87-4. Engl.summary. Gyr was sighted but not bagged only once near Konushin in 1932. Cited from Spangenberg & Leonovich, 1958.

Bannikov, A.G., Flint, V.Ye. 1982. Dnevnye khishchnye ptitsy [Falconiformes order]. // My dolzhny ikh spasti [We must save them]. M., "Mysl'". P.127-139. GF on p.127, 128. General popular description on GF populations status wordlwide due to DDT and other toxic chemicals.

Baranov, A.A., Savchenko, A.P. 1977. Nekotorye svedeniya o gnezdovanii sokolinykh v raione yuzhnogo shleifa khrebta Tannu-Ola [Some data on the breeding of Falconiformes birds in region of southern shleif of the Tannu-Ola mountain ridge] // Tez. dokl. VII Vsesoyuzn. ornitolog. konf. [Abstracts of the VIIth All-Union Orn. Conf.]. Kiev, Part 1. P.37-38.

Baranov, A.A. 1985. Obshchie osobennosti raspredeleniya ptits i faunisticheskoe raionirovanie Yuzhnoi Tuvy [General peculiarities of distribution of birds and faunistical deviding of Southern Tuva into regions]. // Ekologiya i naselenie ptits [Ecology and population of birds]. Irkutsk. P.3-18.

Baranov, A.A., Gavrilov, I.K. 1988. Redkie vidy ptits Tuvinskoi ASSR i ikh okhrana [Rare bird species of the Tuva ASSR and their conservation]. // Okhrana okruzhayushchei sredy i chelovek. Tez. dokl. Vtoroi resp. nauchno-prakt. konf. [Environment conservation and man. Abstracts of 2nd Rep. Scient.-Pract. Conf.]. Kyzyl. P.124-125.

Barsukov, A. 1894. Svedeniya o Yukhotskoi volosti i eyo prezhnikh vladeltsakh knyaz'yakh Yukhotskikh i Mstislavskikh, s prilozheniem stat'i ob Yukhotskikh sokol'ikh pomytchikalh [Data on Yukhotsk volost (small rural district) and its previous princes Yukotsk and Mstislav, with appendix of paper about Yukhotsk's falconers-trappers]. St-Petersburg, typ. Stasyulevicha. 78 p. Imperatritsa Elizaveta Petrovna was great loverer of falconry. Her falconer's yard was situated in "Aleksandrovskaya sloboda". She had 868 falconers-trappers. Distribution of falconers amid different Russian towns.

Baumanis, J., Blums, P. 1972. Latvijas putni [Birds of Latvia]. 2. papil. izd. Riga. 180 lpp. In Latvian. Author consider that the Gyr's occurrence in territory of Latvia is not confirmed documentally.

Bayanov, 1977. ??????????? One pair per 200 sq. km was counted in 1970's in mountain regions of Southern Ural according to N.M.Loskutova (1986).

Belyaev, K.G. 1979. K faune severo-vostochnogo Pribaikal'ya [On the fauna of the north-eastern Cis-Baikal Lake area]. // Ornitologiya [Ornithology]. M., Moscow Univ. Press. No 14. P.188-189. GF on p.188 [5 lines]. In North-Eastern Cis-Baikal area zoologists observed Gyr several times. S.P.Kirpichev (oral comm.) sighted this falcon in December 1955 in region of Goryachie Klyuchi along Bolshaya River, and 5-6/V 1957 near Tompa River mouth. V.R.Zhorov saw Gyr 28/I and 20/IX 1969 in mountain part of Nature Reserve, in inetrstream area between Pravyi Tarkulik and Tarkulik Rivers. 20/IV 1972 white Gyr Falcon was observed by us near the Davshe settlement.

Belyaev, K.G. 1980. Redkie i zaletnye ptitsy Barguzinskogo zapovednika [Rare and vagrant birds of the Barguzin Nature Reserve]. // Fauna i ekologiya pozvonochnykh Sibiri [Fauna and ecology of vertebrates of Siberia]. Novosibirsk. Nauka. P.226-234. Gyr was sighted on passage both in winter period (April-May, Sept.-Nov. and Dec.-Jan.) as well on the banks of the Baikal Lake as in the upper part of the forest belt and in subholts (sub-golz) zone. "Holtsy" - wide-spreaded in Siberia name of mountain tops, that are situated higher than the upper forest border.

Belyankin, A.F., Il'yashenko, B.B. (Kemerovo Univ.) 1991. Redkie khishchnye ptitsy doliny srednei Tomi [Rare birds of prey of the middle part of the Tom River valley]. // Materialy 10-i Vsesoyuznoi ornitologicheskoi konferentsii [Materials of the 10th All-Union Orn. Conf.]. Minsk, "Navuka i tekhnika". Part 2. Book 1. Pp. 55-56. GF on p.56. White exemplar is sighted above river in the vicinity of the Azhendarovo settlement 5.09.78 in period of the mass waterfowl passage.

Ben'kovskiy, L.M. 1963. Otdel'nye nablyudeniya za ptitsami Yuzhnogo Sakhalina [Separate observations for birds of the Southern Sakhalin]. // Ornitologiya. M., Moscow Univ. Press. No6. P.465-466. GF on p.465. 30 October 1961 in the Novoaleksandrovsk settlement, Gyr attacked domestic hens, and later was killed. 3 November 1961 on the Kril'yon Peninsula on the Ul'yanovsk River bank one Gyr was observed.

Bent, A.C. 1938. Life histories of North American birds of prey. US National Mus. Bull., 170. In English. Food items. The previous hosts of GF nests. Nest location - photo by Dalgety. Cited by A.A.Kishchinskiy (1958).

Bezborodov, V.I. 1983. O zimuyushchikh khishchnykh ptitsakh yuga Krasnoyarskogo kraya [On wintering birds of prey of the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory]. // Ekologiya khishchnykh ptits [Ecology of Birds of Prey]. M., "Nauka". P.108-110. GF on p.109. GF - rare species, irregularly wintering in the forest-steppe belt of southern part of the Minusinsk hollow. In foothills on the right-bank of Enisei River Gyrs successfully hunted for Brown hares near settlements and cattle farms: attack for the Brown Hare near Novo-Pokrovka (Shushenskiy district) at the end of November 1981 was registered; at the beginning of February 1982 the semi-eaten Brown hare was found near Idzha village (here Gyr's feathures and tracks of fight were discovered).

Bianchi, V. 1907. Spisok ptits S.-Peterburgsgoi gubernii [The list of birds of St-Petersburg Province]. // Ezhegodnik Zool. muzeya Akad. nauk [Annual report of Zool. Museum of Academy of Sciences], vol.12, N1. Gyrs were bagged or observed in the St.-Petersburg surroundings or even within limits of city. Cited by Mal'chevskiy, Pukinskiy, 1983.

Bianki, V.L. 1909. K avifaune ust'ya r.Obi i prilegayushchei chasti poluostrova Yamal [On avifauna of the Ob River's mouth and adjoining parts of the Yamal Peninsula]. // Ezhegodn. Zool. muz. Imper. Akad. nauk [Annual Report of Zool. Museum of Imperial Ac. of Sc.]. St-Petersburg. Vol.14, N1-2, p.4-6. In autumn in the Nakhodka Bucht and at 100 km lower along Ob River flow from Salekhard Gyrs were bagged.

Bianki, V.V., Ganusevich, S.A. 1983 (?). Kratkie svedeniya o krechete na Kol'skom poluostrove [Brief data on Gyr Falcon in the Kola Peninsula]. // Redkie, ischezayushchie i maloizuchennye ptitsy SSSR [Rare, endangered and little-studied birds of the USSR]. Oka Nature Reserve. Issue 2 (in press on the status of 1983). Nesting sites of Gyr, that were empty during 30 years, began to restore in the Ponoi River basin.

Bianki, V.V., Kokhanov, V.D., Koriakin, A.S., Krasnov, J.V., Paneva, T.D., Tatarinkova, I.P., Chemiakin, R.G., Shklyarevich, F.N., Shutova, E.V. 1993. Ptitsy Kol'sko-Belomorskogo regiona [The birds of the Kola Peninsula and White Sea] // Russ. Orn. zhurnal [Russ.J.Ornithol.]. St.-Petersburg. Vol.2. (4). P.491-586. The general results of long term faunistic observations made by ornithologists of the Kandalaksha Reserve as well as data from a substantial body of literature are reviewed in this paper. GF in Tab.2 "Birds of Kola Peninsula and White Sea region" on p.503; in Tab.5 "Egg dimensions" on p.539; in Tab.6 "Clutch-size" on p.547; in Tab.7 "The onset of hatching" on p.555; in Tab.8 "Hatching dates on 5-days scale" on p.563.

Bikhner, Ye.A. 1884. Ptitsy S.-Peterburgskoi gubernii: Materialy, literatura i kritika [Birds of the St.-Petersburg province: Materials, literature and critics]. // Trudy S.-Peterburg. o-va estestvoispytatelei [Proc. of the St.-Petersb. Naturalist's Soc.], vol.14, No2. P.359-624. GF were bagged in the vicinity of St-Petersburg or even within limits of city. Quoted by Mal'chevskiy, Pukinskiy, 1983.

Blinova, T.K., Blinov, V.N. 1988. Ischezayushchie, redkie, uyazvimye i maloizuchennye ptitsy lesostepnogo Zaural'ya [Endangered, rare, vulnerable and little-studied birds of the forest-steppe Transuralia]. // Redkie nazemnye pozvonochnye Sibiri [Rare terrestrial vertebrates of Siberia]. Novosibirsk, "Nauka". P.27-34. Bibl.8. ISBN 5-02-028868-3. GF on p.29 [3 lines]. Nomadic movements were sighted before. List of literature cited. We could not find it.

Bogorodskiy, Yu.V. (1988). Title is unknown. Author considered GF to be a rare wintering bird of the Angara region. Cited from Yu.I.Mel'nikov (1995).

Borodin, O.V. 1994. Konspekt fauny ptits Ul'yanovskoi oblasti. Spravochnik [Conspectus of avifauna of the Ul'yanovsk Region. Manual]. Ul'yanovsk. GF on p.28 [5 lines]. Exclusively rare vagrant species. There is unchecked oral communication by V.Ye.Fedorenko about sighting of the "white Gyr" 17 and 17 April 1989 to north of Ul'yanovsk town. Listed in Red Data Book of Russia - III cathegory.

Braude, M.I., Dobrinskiy, L.N. 1986. Problemy okhrany ptits na severe Zapadnoi Sibiri [Problems of bird conservation in the north of Western Siberia]. // Izuchenie ptits SSR, ikh okhrana i ratsional'noe ispol'zovanie [Study of birds of the USSR, their protection and rational use]. L. Part 1. P.98-99. GF on p.98 is listed as species included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, which is situated in comparatively favourable conditions. Limiting factors and conservation measures for all threatened species are discussed.

Buchner, E., Pleske, Th. 1881. Beitrage zur Ornithologie der St.-Peterburger Gouvernements. // Beitr. Kennt. Russ. Reiches, Folge 2, Bd.4. S.53-178. In German. Gyrs were bagged or observed in the vicinity of St-Petersburg or even within limits of the city. Quoted by Mal'hevskiy, Pukinskiy, 1983.

Cade, T.J. 1960. Ecology of the Peregrine and Gyrfalcon populations in Alaska. // Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. vol.63, N3.

Celminsh, A. 1992. List of Latvian Bird Species 1992. With comments on distribution and number. Updated 1st January 1992. Riga. GF on p.10. Probably very rare passage or winter visitor. In Engl.

Celminsh, A., Baumanis, J., Mednis, A. 1993. List of Latvian Bird Species 1993. With comments on distribution and number. Updated 1st January 1993. GF on p.13. The same as in previous report - see above. 1986 Kolka Talsi, immature female, 7th October (V.Roze). In Engl.

Cerely, St. 1955. The gyrfalcon adventure. London. In English. GF food items. During one day GF's family with two youngs consumes a prey wieghing slightly over 1 kg - data on Islandic GF. Nest location. Nest at 5 m from the ground. The Snow Bunting bred within limits of GF's nesting plot. Cited by A.A.Kishchinskiy (1958).

Chaev, N. 1869. Opisanie dvortsa tsary Alekseya Mikhailovicha v sele Kolomenskom [Description of the Palace of the Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the Kolomenskoe settlement]. M., Universitet tip. [University's Typ.]. 39 p. Description of one of the favourite plsaces of this Russian tsar, who loved to hunt there with falcons.

Chuvashov, G.I. 1989. Gibel' na Gydane redkikh vidov sokolov i drugikh khishchnykh ptits [Death of rare species of falcons and other birds of prey on Gydan Peninsula]. // Vsesoyuz. soveshch. po probleme kadastra i ucheta zhivotnogo mira [All-Union Meeting on problem of cadastre and count of wildlife]. Part 3. Ufa. P.????? The trapping hunting for Arctic Fox is one of the main limiting factors for GF population in Gydan Peninsula. Reglamentation for the trapping hunting is strictly necessary.

Danilov, N.N. 1969. Ptitsy Srednego i Severnogo Urala. Part 1. Istoriya issledovaniya ptits Urala. Otryady gagar, poganok, veslonogikh, golenastykh, plastinchatoklyuvykh i khishchnykh ptits [Birds of the Middle and North Urals. History of study of birds of the Ural. Orders Gaviiformes, Podicepediformes, Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes, Anseriformes and Falconiformes]. // Tr./Ural. otd-nie MOIP [Proc. of the Ural dept. of Moscow Naturalist's Soc.] Sverdlovsk. Issue 3. P.3-123. Author considers that the mentioning by V.F.Larionov (1926) about GF breeding in Tyumen District is erroneous. For the Sverdlovsk Region he gioves information by A.D.Sharonov (1951) about sighting on 9 August in the Surgut district on Torm-Yaun River undismembered brood of well-flying young GF and he considers that this breeding case might be considered as erroneous breeding, that enable to include the GF in composition of the taiga zone of Western Siberia.

Danilov, N.N., Ryzhanovskiy, V.N., Ryabitsev, V.K. 1977. Rasprostranenie redkikh ptits na Yamale [Distribution of rare birds in Jamal peninsula]. // VII Vsesoyuznaya ornitologicheskaya konferentsiya. Tez. dokl. [VII All-Union Ornith. Conf.: Abstracts]. Kiev, part 2, p.210.

Danilov, N.N., Ryzhanovskiy, V.N., Ryabitsev, V.K. 1984. Ptitsy Yamala [Birds of Yamal]. M., "Nauka". 332 p. GF on pp.78-81 [91 lines]. One of the most rare birds of the study area. There is a few literature data - list of it. One photo of nest on p.79. Description of this nest - old nest of the White-tailed Eagle. 29.06.76 nestlings in it were ready to fly off. Behaviour of parents. Sizes of one egg on the ground under nest - 58,7x46,1 mm. In the nests there are the Willow Grouse's bones. The Bean Goose nest was situated at 25 m from the nest (chicks were hatching at that moment). Gyr undoubtedly breed on Khadytayakha River regulatly. Gyr hunt Northern voles and Water voles. Description of another nest. Breeding range of Gyr in Yamal is linited by forest-tundra obly and the valley forests of the southern Yamal. Northwards we could meet Gyr only once. Theyr winter places. Corps of one Gyr. Interesting informative review.

Davygora, A.V. 1989. Mnogoletnie izmeneniya populyatsiy khishchnykh ptits stepnogo Predural'ya [Many-year changes of populations of birds of prey of the steppe Front-Uralian area]. // Rasprostranenie i fauna ptits Urala [Distribution and fauna of birds of Ural]. Sverdlovsk. P.38-40. GF on p.39. Gyr, earlier occurred during nomadic movements, now has disappeared.